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September 2012 Camp Bastion raid
The September 2012 Camp Bastion raid was a Taliban raid on Camp Bastion in Afghanistan's Helmand province on the night of 14 September 2012. The base hosted British, American and Tongan military personnel at the time of the attack. The Taliban fighters killed two U.S. Marines and destroyed or severely damaged eight U.S. Marine Corps AV-8B Harriers before the entire raiding force was killed or captured. The Taliban claimed that the raid was in response to the film, ''Innocence of Muslims'', and have also stated that Prince Harry, who was stationed at the base at the time, was the target of the attack. To replace the aircraft lost in the attack, the USMC deployed 14 Harriers to Afghanistan within 36 hours of the raid.
==The raid==
The raid was a complex and coordinated assault by 15 Taliban fighters, dressed in United States Army uniforms and using several types of weapons, which took place on the eastern side of Camp Bastion near to the USMC aircraft hangars at 22:00 local time (17:30 GMT). The assault team penetrated the perimeter of the camp, guarded by troops from the United Kingdom and Tonga, and separated into three teams to carry out the attack.〔Aikens, Matthieu, "(Enemy Inside the Wire: The Untold Story of the Battle of Bastion )", ''GQ'', September 2013, retrieved 6 September 2013. In the weeks preceding the attack, US Marines had sometimes found the Tongan guards sleeping on duty.〕 One team engaged a group of USMC mechanics from VMM-161 who were in the area; the same team also attacked the aircraft refueling stations. Another group attacked the aircraft, and the last group was engaged at the base cryogenics compound. The group that attacked the aircraft attached explosive charges to several jets, then fired rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) at others.〔Lamb, Christina, Nicola Smith, and Tim Ripley, "Bastion Raid Signals Birth Of Taliban SAS", ''London Sunday Times'', 23 September 2012, p. 23〕
The attackers were killed or captured after a four-hour firefight by USMC personnel and No. 51 Squadron RAF Regiment, along with helicopter support supplied by a British AgustaWestland Apache, a USMC Bell AH-1W SuperCobra and machine-gun equipped UH-1s, which took off while under fire from the insurgents. The RAF troops, who were located on the opposite side of the huge base, arrived at the scene approximately 12 minutes after the attack began.〔 Some of the pilots and maintainers from VMA-211 also fought as infantrymen, killing one attacker and injuring another who was trying to fire an RPG at a group defending the flight line. This was the first time the squadron had fought as infantry since the Battle of Wake Island, when most of their planes had been destroyed in a surprise Japanese attack. Marines from VMM-161 killed one group of five Taliban with small arms fire as they tried to advance down the flightline area. A second group of five insurgents was flushed out of hiding hours later and shot by No. 51 Squadron RAF Regiment and USMC forces in a compound near their entry point. 〔https://www.gov.uk/government/news/raf-force-protection-wing-defends-camp-bastion-during-taliban-attack〕 The final group of five insurgents was detected near the flightline hours later and four were killed by gunfire from the RAF Quick Reaction Force and hovering helicopters. The fifth insurgent was injured and captured.〔Kovach, Gretel C., "'Surreal' Attack At Camp Bastion", ''U-T San Diego'', 7 October 2012, p. 1〕
During the early portion of the fighting, the Marine Attack Squadron 211 (VMA-211) squadron commander, Lieutenant Colonel Christopher Raible, 40, was killed while personally leading an attack on the infiltrators, armed only with his pistol.〔Londono, Ernesto, "Marine's Actions Described As Heroic", ''Washington Post'', 24 September 2012, p. 7〕 Killed nearby was USMC mechanic Sergeant Bradley Atwell, 27, while taking cover behind Ground Support Equipment on the Flight Line. Atwell and Raible were killed by a single RPG round which exploded in the air above them.〔 Eight coalition troops and one civilian contractor were injured. Six AV-8B Harrier IIs and a United States Air Force C-130 were destroyed and another two Harriers severely damaged.〔Aikens, Matthieu, "(Enemy Inside the Wire: The Untold Story of the Battle of Bastion )", ''GQ'', September 2013, retrieved 6 September 2013.〕 Three refuelling stations were destroyed and six soft-skin aircraft hangars damaged.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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